Organic manures

Organic manures are derived from plant & vegetable residues, animal matter & animal excreta etc. Basically they are natural materials that decay and get mixed with the soil thereby increasing its fertility. Some of the major manure sources are crop wastes, By-products of agricultural industries, weeds, cattle dung, urine, and slurry from biogas plants, droppings of goat and sheep, human urine, night soil, sludge, sewage, domestic waste. Based on concentration of the nutrients, manures are categorized into bulky organic manures i.e., Farmyard manure (FYM), compost, green-manure and concentrated organic manures i.e., groundnut cake, coconut cake, castor cake, neem cake etc. The main idea behind providing organic manure is to break down the complex inorganic nutritional supplements into simpler organic ones that can be easily absorbed and assimilated by the plants. Manures having a low nutrient content have residual effect for a longer period of time. It increases the organic matter content in the soil and improves the water and nutrient holding capacity of the soil, thereby enhances the soil quality and increases the productivity of crops. The application of organic manures provides a way for reducing the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and helps to maintain the soil health with a positive impact on organic matter recycling. In years to come, utilization of organic manure along with chemical fertilizers, to meet crop nutrient requirement will be an unavoidable practice to enhance sustainable agriculture, this is because, the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil is generally improved by the addition of organic manures which in turn enhances crop productivity and maintains the quality of crop produce.